The global demand for frozen chicken has boosted in recent years, fueled by its convenience. To meet this rising demand, a multitude of providers have emerged worldwide, specializing in delivering premium-quality frozen chicken products. These businesses adhere to strict quality guidelines, ensuring that their chicken is obtained from healthy flock

As shown in Figure 5, the vacuolation observed by TEM is generally consistent with the pathological findings. As the dose increased, the vacuoles rein CP epithelial cells were enlarged, more prevalent, and more likely to contain electron compacts, which manifest as dense black dots (denoted in Figure 5 with arrows). These electron compacts are co